![]() ![]() Previous studies had shown a connection between this form of the gene and both obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism. One is the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism ( 5-HTTLPR), the long form of which has been shown to be modestly correlated with shyness in grade school children. Several genetic links to shyness are current areas of research. Naming the phenotype – and translation of terms between genetics and psychology - also causes problems. ![]() As with other studies of behavioral genetics, the study of shyness is complicated by the number of genes involved in, and the confusion in defining, the phenotype. Further, it has been suggested that shyness and social phobia (the distinction between the two is becoming ever more blurred) are related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some research has indicated that shyness and aggression are related-through long and short forms of the gene DRD4, though considerably more research on this is needed. The genetics of shyness is a relatively small area of research that has been receiving an even smaller amount of attention, although papers on the biological bases of shyness date back to 1988. When cortisol is present in greater quantities, it is known to suppress an individual's immune system, making them more susceptible to illness and disease. Shyness can also be seen on a biological level as a result of an excess of cortisol. The cause of shyness is often disputed but it is found that fear is positively related to shyness, suggesting that fearful children are much more likely to develop being shy as opposed to children less fearful. Shyness is often seen as a hindrance to people and their development. Shyness may be a personality trait or can occur at certain stages of development in children. Shyness may come from genetic traits, the environment in which a person is raised and personal experiences. Shyness differs from social anxiety, which is a broader, often depression-related psychological condition including the experience of fear, apprehension or worrying about being evaluated by others in social situations to the extent of inducing panic. Shyness can originate after a person has experienced a physical anxiety reaction at other times, shyness seems to develop first and then later causes physical symptoms of anxiety. This includes child abuse, particularly emotional abuse such as ridicule. However, there is also evidence that suggests the environment in which a person is raised can also be responsible for their shyness. Scientists believe that they have located genetic data supporting the hypothesis that shyness is, at least, partially genetic. ![]() Stronger forms of shyness can be referred to as social anxiety or social phobia. This fear of negative reactions such as being laughed at, humiliated or patronized, criticized or rejected can cause a shy person to retreat. Although shyness can be a characteristic of people who have low self-esteem, the primary defining characteristic of shyness is a fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior. ![]() This commonly occurs in new situations or with unfamiliar people a shy person may simply opt to avoid these situations. Shyness (also called diffidence) is the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people. ![]()
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